DIMENSION - A Dispatch and Investment Model for European Electricity Markets

A linear energy system model is presented which optimises the future development of electricity generation capacities and their dispatch in Europe. Besides conventional power plants, combined heat and power plants and power storages, the model considers technologies that support the future high feed in of renewable energies. These technologies include demand side management processes and virtual power storages consisting of electric vehicles.Energy system model; European electricity markets; Combined heat and power; Demand Side Management; Battery electric vehicles

A Unique Competitive Equilibrium on Interdependent Spot Electricity and Reserve Capacity Markets

This paper studies the interdependency of a spot electricity market and a market for incremental reserve capacity in a competitive setting, where a continuum of firms supplies both markets. It is proved that a simultaneous competitive equilibrium on both markets exists in the stylised model used. It turns out that all market equilibria are characterised essentially by a u-shaped reserve capacity market bidding function and that the set of suppliers declaring reserve capacity constitutes an interval. If the supplier’s marginal cost curve is convex, then a unique equilibrium exists.Competitive Equilibrium; Electricity; Reserve Capacity; Simultaneous Equilibrium

Spin-dependent Klein tunneling in graphene: Role of Rashba spin-orbit coupling

Within an effective Dirac theory the low-energy dispersions of monolayer graphene in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling and spin-degenerate bilayer graphene are described by formally identical expressions. We explore implications of this correspondence for transport by choosing chiral tunneling through pn and pnp junctions as a concrete example. A real-space Green's function formalism based on a tight-binding model is adopted to perform the ballistic transport calculations, which cover and confirm previous theoretical results based on the Dirac theory. Chiral tunneling in monolayer graphene in the presence of Rashba coupling is shown to indeed behave like in bilayer graphene. Combined effects of a forbidden normal transmission and spin separation are observed within the single-band n to p transmission regime. The former comes from real-spin conservation, in analogy with pseudospin conservation in bilayer graphene, while the latter arises from the intrinsic spin-Hall mechanism of the Rashba coupling.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure

Transfer of Security Email Proxy into Embedded Device

Bakalářská práce se zabývá analýzou embedded zařízení a operačních systémů pro tato zařízení za účelem portace proxy pro zabezpečení elektronické pošty na některé z těchto zařízení. Dále se věnuje existujícímu řešení Mailproxy a způsobům zabezpečení elektronické pošty.This bachelor's thesis deals with embedded devices and their operating systems analysis for transfer of security email proxy into one of these devices. It also describes already existing project Mailproxy and techniques of email securing.

Sorting Algorithms

Bakalářská práce pojednává o základních typech třídicích algoritmů. Algoritmy lze rozdělit do dvou skupin - na jednoduché (přímé) a na složitější (optimalizované). Z přímých algoritmů třídění je práce věnována algoritmům přímé vkládání, přímý výběr a přímá výměna, kterou lze ještě rozdělit na třídění bublinové a třídění přetřásáním. Z optimalizovaných algoritmů je v práci popsáno třídění se zmenšováním kroku (Shellovo třídění) a třídění rozdělováním (Quicksort). U zmíněných algoritmů se zabývám syntaxemi a také efektivností, s jakou jsou schopny utřídit danou množinu. Měřítkem efektivnosti jsou počty porovnávání a přesunů, které jsou funkcemi jediné proměnné, a to počtu prvků neuspořádané množiny.The bachelor thesis deals with basic types of sorting algorithms. We are able to divide these algorithms into two groups, which are elementary (direct) sorting algorithms and difficult (optimized) ones. From the group of direct algorithms, the thesis is dedicated to algorithms of direct paste, direct selection, and direct exchange, which could be further divided into bubblesort and shakersort. From the second group of optimized algorithms in the thesis, sorting with miniaturizing of steps (Shellsort) and dividing sorting (Quicksort) are described. In context of these algorithms, I deal with syntaxes and also effectiveness, with which they are able to sort the given system. Criteria of effectiveness are comparison and movement calculations, which are the function of only one parameter – the number of members in the system.

Essays in Applied Microeconomics With Application to Electricity Markets

The thesis consists of three parts dealing with both game theoretic and general equilibrium models, which were originally motivated by research questions regarding liberalized electricity markets. However, the model frameworks developed can more or less be applied to other industries as well. In Chapter 2, I study two electricity markets connected by a fixed amount of crossborder capacity. The total amount of capacity is known to all electricity traders and allocated via an auction. The capacity allocated to each bidder in the auction remains private information. We assume that traders are faced with a demand function reflecting the relationship between electricity transmitted between the markets and the spot price difference. Therefore, traders act like Bayesian-Cournot oligopolists in exercising their transmission rights when presented with incomplete information about the competitors’ capacities. Our analysis breaks down the welfare effect into three different components: Cournot behavior, capacity constraints, and incomplete information. We find that social welfare increases with the level of information with which traders are endowed. In Chapter 3, I study a Cournot oligopoly in which firms face incomplete information with respect to production capacities. For the case where the firms’ capacities are stochastically independent, the functional form of equilibrium strategies is derived. If inverse demand is concave, a unique symmetric equilibrium exists, and if demand is linear, then every equilibrium is symmetric. In the case of duopoly, I analyze the impact on social welfare when firms commit ex-ante on exchanging information. Sharing information increases expected output and social welfare in a large class of models. If the demand intercept is sufficiently large, sharing information increases producer surplus and decreases consumer surplus (and vice versa). In Chapter 4, I study the interdependency between two markets. In the first market, production capacity is offered; in the second, the produced commodity itself is sold. Selling capacity initially leads to foregone product market profits due to a lower output. These opportunity costs decrease with a firm’s marginal costs. The key issue of the model is that there arises an additional cost component of selling capacity: Keeping capacity ready for delivery on demand induces ready-to-operate costs that increase with a firm’s marginal costs. It is shown that a competitive equilibrium not only exists, but is unique and efficient. In this equilibrium, the cumulative supply function of the capacity market is u-shaped, meaning that it is convex with respect to marginal costs. The leading example is the electricity industry, in which there is a capacity market that clears before the spot market is able to follow

Fast Measurement of Individual Head-Related Transfer Functions

While binaural technology applications gained in popularity in recent years, the majority of applications still use non-individual Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) from artificial heads. However, certain applications, for example research of spatial hearing or hearing attention, require an physically exact and realistic binaural signal. The limiting factor that prohibits the widespread use of individual HRTFs is the acquisition time of such data. This time requirement has recently been reduced by the use of parallelization in the measurement signal which lead to the development of fast measurement systems capable of acquiring individual and spatially dense HRTF. This thesis provides a objective and subjective evaluation of such a system that is designed with the goal of little disturbance of the measurements in mind. The construction is detailed, followed by both an objective and subjective evaluation. A detailed investigation into additional distortion of the sound field introduced by the system itself is presented and it is shown that the system performs comparably to a conventional system in terms of sound source localization. Furthermore, a method is introduced and evaluated to further reduce the measurement time by using continuous rotation during the measurement. This method is used to reduced the measurement duration from eight minutes to three minutes without audible differences

Who disciples the CFO? An assessment of stakeholder power in corporate governance

We analyze the respective influence of employee and shareholder interests on the dismissal of 89 Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) of major German companies between 1999 and 2006. Drawing on stakeholder-agency theory, we argue that employees wield sufficient power to affect executive replacements. We show that the provision of job security as a proxy for employee interests has a significant effect on the likelihood of CFO dismissal. This effect is independent of the fulfillment of shareholders’ objectives. We conclude that stakeholder groups beyond shareholders exert influence on corporate governance. We argue that executives need to respond to several stakeholder groups simultaneously.Corporate Governance; Stakeholder influence; Management dismissal

Určení množství využitelného odpadního tepla při výrobě vlnité lepenky

Machines producing corrugated cardboard draw large amounts of thermal energy in the form of steam. In the Czech Republic, there are many such factories. This article deals with finding suitable parts of machines for the production of corrugated cardboard, from which the waste heat can be used, and determining the amount of heat.Stroje vyrábějící vlnitou lepenku mají velkou spotřebu tepelné energie ve formě páry. V ČR je mnoho takovýchto závodů. Článek se zabývá nalezením vhodných částí stroje na výrobu vlnité lepenky, ze kterých lze využít odpadní teplo a určením množství tohoto tepla